At the Bud Union

When whole canes have to be removed, they must be cut at the bud union.  Rosarians disagree about exactly how these cuts should be made.  Some say the cut should be as flush to the surface as possible.  Others recommend leaving a quarter-inch stub that can harbor dormant eyes for future basal breaks.  If I err here, it will be on the side of caution.  Nothing is lost by leaving a cleanly cut quarter-inch stub.  The bud union can still be shapely, and if new growth is really waiting there, I want it.

If, as a beginning pruner, you're in doubt about some wood on a bush, leave it.  Try to remember to watch what you reluctantly left and see what happens.  If it turns out to have been a mistake, take it out later.  As you gain experience, the recommended approach will be exactly the opposite:  if you have any doubt about wood's worth, take it out.